The sources below have been used by the Rise of the White Sun team as historical documentation.

V: Le Visiteur’s choice
MC: Maestro Cinetik’s choice

In English


Military operations

Warlord Soldiers: Chinese Common Soldiers 1911–1937 Lary, D. Cambridge University Press V


The Armies of Warlord China 1911-1928 Jowett, P. (2013). Schiffer Publishing Ltd V


Arming the Chinese: The Western Armaments Trade in Warlord China, 1920-1928 Chan, A. (2010) (2nd ed.). UBC Press V


China’s Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949 (English Edition) Jowett, P. (2013). Osprey Publishing


The Northern Expedition: China’s National Revolution of 1926–1928 Jordan, D. A. (1976). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press MC


Political ideas

British Opinion and Policy towards China, 1922-1927 Chow, P. (2011) . DPhil thesis, LSE

Finding the Way: Guomindang Discourse, Confucius, and the Challenges of Revolutionary Traditionalism in China, 1919–1934. Bowles, D. (2016). Merton College, DPhil Oriental Studies, Trinity.

Opium, State, and Society: China’s Narco-Economy and the Guomindang, 1924-1937Slack, E. (2001). Univ. of Hawai’i Press V


Workers and Unions, Shanghai and Hong Kong

Shipping Strike in Hongkong. Monthly Labor Review, 14(5), 9–15. Chen, T. (1922)

A Road Is Made: Communism in Shanghai 1920-1927 (Chinese Worlds) (English Edition). Smith, S. (2000). University of Hawaii Press (see below for link to the french version) MC

Policing Shanghai, 1927-1937 (Philip E.Lilienthal Books) (English Edition). Philip E. (1996). Lilienthal Books MC



Crime in Shanghai

The Shanghai Green Gang – Politics & Organized Crime 1919–1937. Martin, B. (1996) V



Portraits and biographies

Portrait of a Warlord. Yen Hsi-Shan in Shansi Province. Gillin, D. (1967). Princeton University Press

The Generalissimo – Chiang Kai–shek and the Struggle for Modern China. Taylor, J. (2011) Belknap Press of Harvard University Press

The Unfinished Revolution: Sun Yat-Sen and the Struggle for Modern China. Tjio, K. (2017). Marshall Cavendish Editions.

En Français

La France en Chine de Sun Yat-sen à Mao Zedong, 1918-1953 (Histoire). Bensacq-Tixier, N. (2014). Presses Univ. de Rennes.

Sun Yat-Sen. Bergère, M. (1994). Fayard

Les Origines de la révolution chinoise (1915-1949). Bianco, L. (2007).

Le Guomindang et ses relais dans la société shanghaïenne en 1923. Galy, L. (1998). Études Chinoises, 17(1), 233-294.

La lutte contre l’opium: Panacée politique pour le Guomindang ?. Paulès, X. (2007). Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire, 95, 193-217

Grèves et politique à Shanghai : les désillusions, 1927-1932. Roux, A. (1995). Editions de l’école des hautes études en sciences sociales-Paris MC

Et la voie fut tracée … Smith, S. A. (2019). Les nuits rouges.MC